There’s a lot of legislative and regulatory activity going on around the country concerning raw milk.

There’s the California situation, which has occupied a lot of attention here. In addition, there are legislative initiatives either just completed, in process, or under discussion, in Vermont, North Carolina, and New York.

On the surface, they seem very different from each other. In Vermont, per Henwhisperer’s comment following my previous column, dairies can now sell up to 50 quarts a day of raw milk versus 25 previously. In North Carolina, legislation is moving along to prevent agriculture officials from coloring raw milk with dye. And in New York, there are apparently some discussions going on about making raw milk available in retail stores.

As different as these various initiatives sound, their commonality is that agriculture officials maintain strict control. California’s agriculture officials will have wide discretion, per my previous comment. The Vermont farmer who can now sell 12.5 gallons a day of raw milk each day can’t even run a bare subsistence operation. The fact that North Carolina residents keep the right to obtain milk without adulteration doesn’t make me want to set off extra fireworks on July 4. And in New York, according a recent article profiling an activist raw milk producer, the state’s Department of Agriculture and Markets supposedly wants strict control over any retail sales—consumers must order their milk in advance, no displays of raw milk allowed, sign affidavits, etc.

I don’t want to disparage the important consumer initiatives that underlay these efforts. Without the tireless work of many individuals, our food rights would continue to erode. I just want to point out how tenaciously the agriculture people will hold onto their powers, and fight tooth and nail each effort to relax their chokehold on raw milk supplies.

And then there is Pennsylvania, where we may wind up with a real court test of the fundamental rights issue that underlies disputes about raw milk. The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture has sent warning letters to 44 dairies that are selling raw milk products without a permit, trying to intimidate them into coming under the agency’s thumb, according to the Farm-to-Consumer Legal Defense Fund.

But the FTCLDF is warning that the agency’s intimidation effort could lead to a test of the state’s unique constitutional guarantee of an individual’s “right to engage in a profession of one’s choice, related to the right to use and acquire property…”

According to Taaron Meikle, head of FTCLDF, “Usually, the ‘police power’ of a state is used to regulate in the area of the public’s ‘health, safety and welfare’ and accounts for such regulatory programs as food safety, environmental protection, natural resource protection, etc. However, Pennsylvania’s Constitution suggests that if there is a conflict between an individual’s inalienable rights and the police power, the individual’s rights win out. This issue may have to be decided in a Pennsylvania court if the Department continues to insist that it can regulate private conduct between a farmer and his/her consumer(s).”

The simple fact that Pennsylvania has at least 44 farmers defying the Department’s will is an indication of the resistance currently under way there. Wouldn’t it be interesting if what the raw milk producers are doing is entirely legal—and that a court might back the notion that farmers have the right to sell whatever foods they want directly to willing consumers.